Consult additional primary and secondary sources

Given their significance, the terminology, legal framework, and guidelines outlined in the following international legal instruments were considered:

• UNESCO and the Council of Europe. 1997. Lisbon Recognition Convention (LRC) and its subsidiary texts; and
• UNHCR. 1951. Convention and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees.

Other practical tools and primary resources have been developed within the context of the LRC:

• EAR Consortium. 2012. European Area of Recognition (EAR) Manual;
• EAR-HEI Consortium. Second edition in 2016. European Recognition Manual for Higher Education Institutions (EAR-HEI);
• ENIC-NARIC networks. Recognise qualifications held by refugees – guide for credential evaluators;

Overall, these best practices and guidelines also build on standards for the fair recognition of academic credentials adopted within the pan-Canadian context:

• CICIC. Pan-Canadian Quality Assurance Framework for the Assessment of International Academic Credentials.

In addition, a number of organizations in and outside Canada have led initiatives and published references on the subject. Some resources listed below were collated through an extensive research and literature review to support discussions in the development of best practices and guidelines.

Get more information about the Assessing the Qualifications of Refugees initiative, including recommended best practices and guidelines, as well as different approaches.